The dense center compressed and compressed, "until somehow it blows up and a baby universe is formed within the black hole," Khanna said. One theory posits that the Big Bang was first the singularity of a black hole in a larger parent universe. While a black hole collapses in on a tiny, highly dense point, the Big Bang exploded out of such a point. "A black hole looks very much like the Big Bang in reverse. Read the original article.But there's another way Earth might have ended up in the belly of a black hole: It could have formed there. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. I expect there will be many more to come.Ĭhris Impey, University Distinguished Professor of Astronomy, University of Arizona This would allow astrophysicists to study how black holes consume matter and grow.Ī picture is worth a thousand words, and this new image has already generated 10 scientific papers. But by taking many images, it would be possible to watch the flow of matter around and into the black hole in real time. Sagittarius A* is relatively small, and matter trickles into it very slowly – if it were the size of a human, it would consume the mass of a single grain of rice every million years. One interesting avenue of inquiry stems from the fact that the gas surrounding Sagittarius A* is moving at close to the speed of light. There is a lot more science to be done from the data the team collected. What scientific questions can this answer? While M87* is an unusually huge black hole, Sagittarius A* is likely pretty similar to many of the hundreds of billions of black holes at the center of other galaxies in the universe. And gravity does not care about scale.įor the last few decades, astronomers have thought that there are massive black holes at the center of almost every galaxy. Black holes are the only objects in existence that only answer to one law of nature – gravity. The similarity of the two images is striking because small stars and small galaxies look and behave very differently than large stars or galaxies. But because Sagittarius A* is 2,000 times closer to Earth than M87*, the Event Horizon Telescope was able to observe both black holes at a similar resolution – giving astronomers a chance to learn about the universe by comparing the two. The black hole at the center of this galaxy, named M87, is a behemoth 2,000 times larger than Sagittarius A and 7 billion times the mass of the Sun. In 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope team released the first image of a black hole – this one at the center of the galaxy M87. The processing time was equivalent to running 2,000 laptops at full speed for a year. They then blended all of these images together to produce the final, beautiful, accurate image. To turn it all into an accurate image, team used supercomputers to produce millions of different images, each one a mathematically viable version of the black hole based off the data collected and the laws of physics. Every night generated so much data that the team couldn’t send it through the internet – they had to ship physical hard drives to where they processed the data.īecause black holes are so hard to see, there is a lot of uncertainty in the data the telescopes collect. The team used eight radio telescopes spread across the globe to collect data on the black hole over the course of five nights in 2017. Compared to most of these, Sagittarius A* is meager and unremarkable. But astronomers think there are supermassive black holes at the center of nearly all galaxies. The Milky Way’s black hole is huge compared to the black holes left behind when massive stars die. Scientists had previously been able to calculate that Sagittarius A* is 16 million miles (26 million kilometers) in diameter. The size of a black hole is defined by its event horizon – a distance from the center of the black hole within which nothing can escape. Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez later shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery. Their motions suggested that at the center of the Milky Way was a black hole 4 million times the mass of the Sun. They saw stars whirling around a dark object at speeds up to a third of the speed of light. In the 1980s, two teams of astronomers started tracking the motions of stars near this mysterious source of radio waves. For decades, astronomers have been measuring blasts of radio waves from an extremely compact source there. Sagittarius A* sits at the the center of our Milky Way galaxy, in the direction of the Sagittarius constellation. Chris Impey, an astronomer at the University of Arizona, explains how the team got this image and why it is such a big deal. On May 12, 2022, astronomers on the Event Horizon Telescope team released an image of a black hole called Sagittarius A* that lies at the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
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